Spring/Spring MVC

[Spring MVC 1편] 3. 서블릿, JSP, MVC 패턴 - 서블릿으로 회원 관리 웹 애플리케이션 만들기

yeonii 2024. 1. 6. 19:06
본 내용은 인프런 사이트에서
김영한 선생님의 "스프링 MVC 1편 - 백엔드 웹 개발 핵심 기술" 강의 내용을 정리한 것입니다.

 

 

🌱 서블릿으로 회원 관리 웹 애플리케이션 만들기

💡 회원 등록 폼

MemberFormServlet 전체코드

package hello.servlet.web.servlet;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(name = "memberFormServlet", urlPatterns = "/servlet/members/new-form")
public class MemberFormServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        PrintWriter w = response.getWriter();
        w.write("<!DOCTYPE html>\n" +
                "<html>\n" +
                "<head>\n" +
                "    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n" +
                "    <title>Title</title>\n" +
                "</head>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "<form action=\"/servlet/members/save\" method=\"post\">\n" +
                "    username: <input type=\"text\" name=\"username\" />\n" +
                "    age:      <input type=\"text\" name=\"age\" />\n" +
                " <button type=\"submit\">전송</button>\n" + "</form>\n" +
                "</body>\n" +
                "</html>\n");
    }
}

 

💡 회원 저장

MemberSaveServlet 전체코드

package hello.servlet.web.servlet;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(name = "memberSaveServlet", urlPatterns = "/servlet/members/save")
public class MemberSaveServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("MemberSaveServlet.service");
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));

        Member member = new Member(username, age);
        memberRepository.save(member);

        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter w = response.getWriter();
        w.write("<html>\n" +
                "<head>\n" +
                " <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n" + "</head>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "성공\n" +
                "<ul>\n" +
                "    <li>id="+member.getId()+"</li>\n" +
                "    <li>username="+member.getUsername()+"</li>\n" +
                " <li>age="+member.getAge()+"</li>\n" + "</ul>\n" +
                "<a href=\"/index.html\">메인</a>\n" + "</body>\n" +
                "</html>");
    }
}

 

MemberSaveServlet은 다음 순서로 동작한다.

  1. 파라미터를 조회해서 Member 객체를 만든다.
  2. Member 객체를 MemberRepository를 통해 저장한다.
  3. Member 객체를 사용해서 결과 화면용 HTML을 동적으로 만들어서 응답한다.

💡 회원 목록

MemberListServlet 전체코드

package hello.servlet.web.servlet;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(name = "memberListServlet", urlPatterns = "/servlet/members")
public class MemberListServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        List<Member> members = memberRepository.findAll();

        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        PrintWriter w = response.getWriter();
        w.write("<html>");
        w.write("<head>");
        w.write(" <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">");
        w.write(" <title>Title</title>");
        w.write("</head>");
        w.write("<body>");
        w.write("<a href=\"/index.html\">메인</a>");
        w.write("<table>");
        w.write(" <thead>");
        w.write(" <th>id</th>");
        w.write(" <th>username</th>");
        w.write(" <th>age</th>");
        w.write(" </thead>");
        w.write(" <tbody>");
        
/*
        w.write(" <tr>");
        w.write(" <td>1</td>");
        w.write(" <td>userA</td>");
        w.write(" <td>10</td>");
        w.write(" </tr>");
*/

        for (Member member : members) {
            w.write(" <tr>");
            w.write(" <td>" + member.getId() + "</td>");
            w.write(" <td>" + member.getUsername() + "</td>");
            w.write(" <td>" + member.getAge() + "</td>");
            w.write(" </tr>");
        }

        w.write(" </tbody>");
        w.write("</table>");
        w.write("</body>");
        w.write("</html>");
    }
}

 

MemberListServlet은 다음 순서로 동작한다.

  1. memberRepository.findAll()을 통해 모든 회원을 조회한다.
  2. 회원 목록 HTML을 for 루프를 통해 회원 수만큼 동적으로 생성하고 응답한다.

💡 템플릿 엔진으로 !

서블릿 덕분에 동적으로 원하는 HTML을 마음껏 만들 수 있다.

정적인 HTML 문서라면 화면이 계속 달라지는 회원의 저장 결과라던가, 회원 목록 같은 동적인 HTML을 만드는 일은 불가능 할 것이다.

 

그런데, 코드에서 보듯이 이것은 매우 복잡하고 비효율 적이다. 자바 코드로 HTML을 만들어 내는 것 보다 차라리 HTML 문서에 동적으로 변경해야 하는 부분만 자바 코드를 넣을 수 있다면 더 편리할 것이다. 

 

이것이 바로 템플릿 엔진이 나온 이유이다. 템플릿 엔진을 사용하면 HTML 문서에서 필요한 곳만 코드를 적용해서 동적으로 변경할 수 있다. 대표적인 템플릿 엔진에는 JSP, Thymeleaf, Freemarker, Velocity등이 있다. 

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