yeon's blog

[Spring MVC 1편] 4. MVC 프레임워크 만들기 - 프론트 컨트롤러(도입, View 분리, Model 추가) 본문

Spring/Spring MVC

[Spring MVC 1편] 4. MVC 프레임워크 만들기 - 프론트 컨트롤러(도입, View 분리, Model 추가)

yeonii 2024. 1. 8. 17:23
본 내용은 인프런 사이트에서
김영한 선생님의 "스프링 MVC 1편 - 백엔드 웹 개발 핵심 기술" 강의 내용을 정리한 것입니다.

 

 

🌱 프론트 컨트롤러 패턴 소개

💡 프론트 컨트롤러 도입 전

 

→ 공통 로직이 각각의 컨트롤러에 중복되어 존재함

💡 프론트 컨트롤러 도입 후

 

💡 FrontController 패턴 특징

  • 프론트 컨트롤러 서블릿 하나로 클라이언트의 요청을 받음
  • 프론트 컨트롤러가 요청에 맞는 컨트롤러를 찾아서 호출
  • 입구를 하나로 !!
  • 공통 처리 가능
  • 프론트 컨트롤러를 제외한 나머지 컨트롤러는 서블릿을 사용하지 않아도 됨

 

🌱 프론트 컨트롤러 도입 - v1

💡 v1 구조

 

Controller V1

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public interface ControllerV1 {

    void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException;
}

 

→ 서블릿과 비슷한 모양의 컨트롤러 인터페이스 도입 !

각 컨트롤러들은 이 인터페이스를 구현하고 프론트 컨트롤러는 이 인터페이스를 호출함으로써 구현과 관계없이 로직의 일관성을 가져갈 수 있다.

 

MemberFormControllerV1 전체코드 - 회원 등록 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.controller;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.ControllerV1;
import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MemberFormControllerV1 implements ControllerV1 {

    @Override
    public void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String viewPath = "/WEB-INF/views/new-form.jsp";
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }
}

 

MemberSaveControllerV1 전체코드 - 회원 저장 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.controller;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.ControllerV1;
import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MemberSaveControllerV1 implements ControllerV1 {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    public void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));

        Member member = new Member(username, age);
        memberRepository.save(member);

        request.setAttribute("member", member);

        String viewPath = "/WEB-INF/views/save-result.jsp";
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }
}

 

MemberListControllerV1 전체코드 - 회원 목록 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.controller;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.ControllerV1;
import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class MemberListControllerV1 implements ControllerV1 {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    public void process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        List<Member> members = memberRepository.findAll();

        request.setAttribute("members", members);

        String viewPath = "/WEB-INF/views/members.jsp";
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }
}

 

FrontControllerServletV1 전체코드 - 프론트 컨트롤러 V1

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.controller.MemberFormControllerV1;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.controller.MemberListControllerV1;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.controller.MemberSaveControllerV1;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet(name = "frontControllerServletV1", urlPatterns = "/front-controller/v1/*")
public class FrontControllerServletV1 extends HttpServlet {

    private Map<String, ControllerV1> controllerMap = new HashMap<>();

    public FrontControllerServletV1() {
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v1/members/new-form", new MemberFormControllerV1());
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v1/members/save", new MemberSaveControllerV1());
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v1/members", new MemberListControllerV1());
    }

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();

        ControllerV1 controller = controllerMap.get(requestURI);
        if (controller == null) {
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
            return;
        }

        controller.process(request, response);
    }
}

 

💡 프론트 컨트롤러 분석

  • urlPatterns
    • urlPatterns = "/front-controller/v1/*" : /front-controller/v1 을 포함한 하위 모든 요청은 이 서블릿에서 받아들인다.
    • ex. /front-controller/v1, /front-controller/v1/members, /front-controller/v1/members/new-form
  • ControllerMap
    • key : 매핑 URL
    • value : 호출될 컨트롤러
  • Service()
    • 먼저 requestURI를 조회해서 실제 호출할 컨트롤러를 controllerMap에서 찾는다.
      만약 없다면 404(SC_NOT_FOUN) 상태 코드를 반환한다.
    • 컨트롤러를 찾고 controller.process(request, response);을 호출해서 해당 컨트롤러를 실행한다.
  • JSP
    • JSP는 이전 MVC에서 사용했던 것을 그대로 사용한다.

 

🌱 View 분리 - v2

💡 v1의 문제점

모든 컨트롤러에서 뷰로 이동하는 부분에 중복이 있고, 깔끔하지 않다.

 String viewPath = "/WEB-INF/views/new-form.jsp";
 RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
 dispatcher.forward(request, response);

 

이 부분을 깔끔하게 분리하기 위해 별도로 뷰를 처리하는 객체를 만들자!

 

💡 v2 구조

 

 

ControllerV2 전체코드

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.MyView;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public interface ControllerV2 {

    MyView process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException;
}

 

MyView 전체코드

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller;

import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

public class MyView {

    public String viewPath;

    public MyView(String viewPath) {
        this.viewPath = viewPath;
    }

    public void render(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }
}

 

MemberFormControllerV2 전체코드 - 회원 등록 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.controller;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.MyView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.ControllerV2;

import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MemberFormControllerV2 implements ControllerV2 {

    @Override
    public MyView process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        return new MyView("/WEB-INF/views/new-form.jsp");
    }
}
  • 각 컨트롤러는 복잡한 dispatcher.forward()를 직접 생성해서 호출하지 않아도 된다.
  • 단순히 MyView 객체를 생성하고 거기에 뷰 이름만 넣고 반환하면 된다.
  • ControllerV1을 구현한 클래스와 ControllerV2를 구현한 클래스를 비교해보면, 이 부분의 중복이 확실하게 제거된 것을 확인할 수 있다.

 

MemberSaveControllerV2 전체코드 - 회원 저장 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.controller;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.MyView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.ControllerV2;
import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MemberSaveControllerV2 implements ControllerV2 {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    public MyView process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));

        Member member = new Member(username, age);
        memberRepository.save(member);

        request.setAttribute("member", member);

        return new MyView("/WEB-INF/views/save-result.jsp");
    }
}

 

MemberListControllerV2 전체코드 - 회원 목록 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.controller;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.MyView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.ControllerV2;
import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class MemberListControllerV2 implements ControllerV2 {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    public MyView process(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        List<Member> members = memberRepository.findAll();
        request.setAttribute("members", members);
        return new MyView("/WEB-INF/views/members.jsp");
    }
}

 

FrontControllerServletV2 전체코드 - 프론트 컨트롤러 V2

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.MyView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v1.ControllerV1;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.controller.MemberFormControllerV2;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.controller.MemberListControllerV2;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.controller.MemberSaveControllerV2;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet(name = "frontControllerServletV2", urlPatterns = "/front-controller/v2/*")
public class FrontControllerServletV2 extends HttpServlet {

    private Map<String, ControllerV2> controllerMap = new HashMap<>();

    public FrontControllerServletV2() {
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v2/members/new-form", new MemberFormControllerV2());
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v2/members/save", new MemberSaveControllerV2());
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v2/members", new MemberListControllerV2());
    }

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();

        ControllerV2 controller = controllerMap.get(requestURI);
        if (controller == null) {
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
            return;
        }

        MyView view = controller.process(request, response);
        view.render(request, response);
    }
}

 

💡 프론트 컨트롤러 분석

ControllerV2의 반환 타입이 MyView이므로 프론트 컨트롤러는 컨트롤러의 호출 결과로 MyView 를 반환 받는다.

그리고 view.render()를 호출하면 forward 로직을 수행해서 JSP가 실행된다.

public void render(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
    dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}

 

프론트 컨트롤러의 도입으로 MyView 객체의 render() 를 호출하는 부분을 모두 일관되게 처리할 수 있다. 

각각의 컨트롤러는 MyView 객체를 생성만 해서 반환하면 된다.

 

 

🌱 Model 추가 - v3

💡 v2의 문제점

  • 서블릿 종속성 제거
    • 컨트롤러 입장에서 HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse이 꼭 필요할까? No‼️
    • 요청 파라미터 정보는 자바의 Map으로 대신 넘기도록 하면 지금 구조에서는 컨트롤러가 서블릿 기술을 몰라도 동작할 수 있다.
    • request 객체를 Model로 사용하는 대신에 별도의 Model 객체를 만들어서 반환하면 된다. 
      이렇게 하면 구현 코드도 매우 단순해지고, 테스트 코드 작성이 쉬워진다.
  • 뷰 이름 중복 제거
    • 컨트롤러는 뷰의 논리 이름을 반환하고, 실제 물리 위치의 이름은 프론트 컨트롤러에서 처리하도록 단순화 하자.
    • 이렇게 해두면 향후 뷰의 폴더 위치가 함께 이동해도 프론트 컨트롤러만 고치면 된다.


💡 v3의 구조

 

  • 지금까지 컨트롤러에서 서블릿에 종속적인 HttpServletRequest를 사용했다. 
    그리고 Model도 request.setAttribute() 를 통해 데이터를 저장하고 뷰에 전달했다.
  • 서블릿의 종속성을 제거하기 위해 Model을 직접 만들고, 추가로 View 이름까지 전달하는 객체를 만들어보자!
    (이번 버전에서는 컨트롤러에서 HttpServletRequest를 사용할 수 없다. 
    따라서 직접 request.setAttribute() 를 호출할 수도 없다. 따라서 Model이 별도로 필요하다.)

 

ModelView 전체코드 - Model 객체

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class ModelView {

    private String viewName;
    private Map<String, Object> model = new HashMap<>();

    public ModelView(String viewName) {
        this.viewName = viewName;
    }

    public String getViewName() {
        return viewName;
    }

    public void setViewName(String viewName) {
        this.viewName = viewName;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getModel() {
        return model;
    }

    public void setModel(Map<String, Object> model) {
        this.model = model;
    }
}

 

뷰의 이름과 뷰를 렌더링할 때 필요한 model 객체를 가지고 있다. 

model은 단순히 map으로 되어 있으므로 컨트롤러에서 뷰에 필요한 데이터를 key, value로 넣어주면 된다.

 

ControllerV3 전체코드

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.ModelView;

import java.util.Map;

public interface ControllerV3 {

    ModelView process(Map<String, String> paramMap);
}

 

이 컨트롤러는 서블릿 기술을 전혀 사용하지 않아 구현이 매우 단순해지고 테스트 코드 작성이 쉽다.

 

HttpServletRequest가 제공하는 파라미터는 프론트 컨트롤러가 paramMap에 담아서 호출해주면 된다. 
응답 결과로 뷰 이름과 뷰에 전달할 Model 데이터를 포함하는 ModelView 객체를 반환하면 된다.

 

MemberFormControllerV3 전체코드 - 회원 등록 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.controller;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.ModelView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.ControllerV3;

import java.util.Map;

public class MemberFormControllerV3 implements ControllerV3 {

    @Override
    public ModelView process(Map<String, String> paramMap) {

        return new ModelView("new-form");
    }
}

 

ModelView 를 생성할 때 new-form 이라는 view의 논리적인 이름을 지정한다. 
실제 물리적인 이름은 프론트 컨트롤러에서 처리한다.

 

MemberSaveControllerV3 전체코드 - 회원 저장 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.controller;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.ModelView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.ControllerV3;

import java.util.Map;

public class MemberSaveControllerV3 implements ControllerV3 {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    public ModelView process(Map<String, String> paramMap) {
        String username = paramMap.get("username");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(paramMap.get("age"));

        Member member = new Member(username, age);
        memberRepository.save(member);

        ModelView mv = new ModelView("save-result");
        mv.getModel().put("member", member);

        return mv;
    }
}

paramMap.get("username");
파라미터 정보는 map에 담겨있다. map에서 필요한 요청 파라미터를 조회하면 된다.

mv.getModel().put("member", member);
모델은 단순한 map이므로 모델에 뷰에서 필요한 member 객체를 담고 반환한다.

 

MemberListControllerV3 전체코드 - 회원 목록 컨트롤러

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.controller;

import hello.servlet.domain.member.Member;
import hello.servlet.domain.member.MemberRepository;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.ModelView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.ControllerV3;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class MemberListControllerV3 implements ControllerV3 {

    private MemberRepository memberRepository = MemberRepository.getInstance();

    @Override
    public ModelView process(Map<String, String> paramMap) {

        List<Member> members = memberRepository.findAll();
        ModelView mv = new ModelView("members");
        mv.getModel().put("members", members);

        return mv;
    }
}

 

FrontControllerServletV3 전체코드 - 프론트 컨트롤러 V3

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3;

import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.ModelView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.MyView;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v2.ControllerV2;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.controller.MemberFormControllerV3;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.controller.MemberListControllerV3;
import hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller.v3.controller.MemberSaveControllerV3;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet(name = "frontControllerServletV3", urlPatterns = "/front-controller/v3/*")
public class FrontControllerServletV3 extends HttpServlet {

    private Map<String, ControllerV3> controllerMap = new HashMap<>();

    public FrontControllerServletV3() {
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v3/members/new-form", new MemberFormControllerV3());
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v3/members/save", new MemberSaveControllerV3());
        controllerMap.put("/front-controller/v3/members", new MemberListControllerV3());
    }

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();

        ControllerV3 controller = controllerMap.get(requestURI);
        if (controller == null) {
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
            return;
        }

        Map<String, String> paramMap = createParamMap(request);
        ModelView mv = controller.process(paramMap);

        String viewName = mv.getViewName();// 논리이름 new-form
        MyView view = viewResolver(viewName);

        view.render(mv.getModel(), request, response);
    }

    private static Map<String, String> createParamMap(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, String> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
        request.getParameterNames().asIterator()
                .forEachRemaining(paramName -> paramMap.put(paramName, request.getParameter(paramName)));
        return paramMap;
    }

    private static MyView viewResolver(String viewName) {
        return new MyView("/WEB-INF/views/" + viewName + ".jsp");
    }
}

 

MyView 추가코드

package hello.servlet.web.frontcontroller;

import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

public class MyView {

    public String viewPath;

    public MyView(String viewPath) {
        this.viewPath = viewPath;
    }

    public void render(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }

    public void render(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        modelToRequestAttribute(model, request);
        RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher(viewPath);
        dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    }

    private static void modelToRequestAttribute(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request) {
        model.forEach((key, value) -> request.setAttribute(key, value));
    }
}